{"id":3795,"date":"2015-12-01T22:42:56","date_gmt":"2015-12-01T22:42:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/iarpp.net\/?post_type=article&p=3795"},"modified":"2015-12-09T15:57:41","modified_gmt":"2015-12-09T15:57:41","slug":"psychosis-as-dysfunctional-negotiation-of-interpersonal-need-for-security","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/iarpp.net\/thesite\/article\/psychosis-as-dysfunctional-negotiation-of-interpersonal-need-for-security\/","title":{"rendered":"Psychosis as Dysfunctional Negotiation of Interpersonal Need for Security"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/a>Presentation Announcement by Tiziano Carbone <\/strong>(Italy)<\/p>\n

XVIII International Forum of Psychoanalytic Societies, Kaunas, Lithuania,
\nSeptember 17-19, 2014.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(clicca qui per italiano)<\/a><\/h6>\n

History scrapes the bottom of the sea
\nlike a trawl net with tears,
\nallowing some fish to escape.
\nSometimes you can meet the ectoplasm
\nof an escapee that does not seem particularly happy.
\nHe ignores being out, nobody told him about it.
\nThe others, in the trawl, think they are freer than he is. <\/em><\/p>\n

–Eugenio Montale, History<\/em><\/p>\n

In this poem, Montale describes history as a trawl net that scrapes the bottom of the sea catching fish. In the process, due to a tear in the net, a fish escapes and becomes ectoplasm, a ghostly expression of a dead person. This fish doesn\u2019t look very happy. It is unaware that it is outside the net, while the fish captured in the net think they are freer than it.<\/p>\n

With this metaphor we consider personal stories as trawl nets that capture and hold together a group of people and its narratives.\u00a0 In other words, human subjects create a conscious vision of themselves and of the world within a cultural context, and in this way maintain their cohesion within a group. But when the narration tears while \u201cscraping the bottom\u201d \u2013 i.e., when some intolerable anxiety causes a break in the texture of the narration\/net–some “fish” escape.<\/p>\n

The poem seems to describe the fate of those pre-verbal experiences that, if not collected by a communicable narration net, can take the form of psychotic symptoms: they become like ectoplasm, ghosts of characters who have died under secret and distressing circumstances. Ectoplasm does not appear to be happy and doesn\u2019t know it is out of the net: “nobody told him about it.\u201d The fish represent the creative unconscious activity underlying all forms of thought, either contained in a shared language and therefore conscious, or, having not found its place, expressing itself spectrally. “Family chaos” and “creative disorders” are manifestations of the same process. But if the net is a metaphor for consciousness, what is the tear?<\/p>\n

Starting with Sullivan, who thought that the need for interpersonal security makes a child dissociate when experiencing the mother\u2019s anxiety, many scholars have demonstrated that consciousness emerges from social interaction and negotiation. Negotiation plays a fundamental role in shaping living systems from the very beginning. It works on a continuum from elementary levels of self\u2013organization to more complex levels of human relating and interaction with the environment. Negotiation occurs at implicit and explicit levels of mental processing.<\/p>\n

This negotiation affects a subject\u2019s patterns; in certain relational climates it forces a person to experience holes in the \u201cnet\u201d of consciousness process. It is possible to consider psychotic thought processes as a result of dysfunctional negotiation, characterized by the inability to mentalize some relational situations.<\/p>\n

\"carbonephoto1115w\"<\/a>Tiziano Carbone, MD
\n<\/strong>Viale Regina Margherita 74
\n65123 Pescara, Italy
\nEmail Tiziano Carbone<\/a>
\n
\n<\/a>\"IARPPlogoSwish28pixwide\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Dissociazione e manifestazioni psicotiche come negoziazione disfunzionale del bisogno di sicurezza interpersonale<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Presentation Announcement by Tiziano Carbone <\/strong>(Italy)<\/p>\n

XVIII International Forum of Psychoanalytic Societies, Kaunas, Lithuania,
\nSeptember 17-19, 2014.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0(click here for English)<\/a>
\n<\/em><\/h6>\n

La storia gratta il fondo
\ncome una rete a strascico
\ncon qualche strappo e pi\u00f9 di un pesce sfugge.
\nQualche volta s\u2019incontra l\u2019ectoplasma
\nd\u2019uno scampato e non sembra particolarmente felice.
\nIgnora di essere fuori, nessuno glie n\u2019 ha parlato.
\nGli altri, nel sacco, si credono
\npi\u00f9 liberi di lui.<\/em><\/p>\n

—<\/em>Eugenio Montale, La Storia<\/em><\/p>\n

Eugenio Montale descrive la Storia come una grossa rete a strascico che, grattando il fondo del mare cattura dei pesci, lasciandone sfuggire dagli strappi qualcuno, il cui ectoplasma, espressione fantasmatica e misteriosa di un soggetto ormai morto, non appare molto felice ed ignora di essere fuori, guardato con superiorit\u00e0 da chi, dentro la rete, si ritiene pi\u00f9 libero.<\/p>\n

Fuor di metafora potremmo pensare alle storie personali come una rete che cattura e tiene insieme un gruppo di uomini\/narrazioni: in altre parole il soggetto costruisce la visione cosciente di s\u00e9 stesso e del mondo in un contesto culturale, mantenendo in tal modo la propria coesione al gruppo e contribuendo egli stesso alla coesione del gruppo. Ma quando la narrazione si strappa \u201cgrattando il fondo\u201d, quando cio\u00e8 qualche dolore, un\u2019angoscia intollerabile nel gruppo, irrompe producendo uno strappo nella narrazione, qualche \u201cpesce\u201d sfugge.<\/p>\n

La poesia mi sembra una descrizione del destino di quelle esperienze preverbali le quali, non potendo essere raccolte dalla rete di una narrazione comunicabile, possono prendere la forma di sintomi psicotici. Diventano \u201cectoplasmi di scampati\u201d, fantasmi di personaggi morti per segreti fatti angosciosi, e perci\u00f2 non appaiono felici e non sanno di essere fuori dal sacco: \u201cnessuno glie n\u2019ha parlato\u201d. I pesci, dentro o fuori il sacco sempre gli stessi, rappresentano la medesima attivit\u00e0 creativa inconscia soggiacente ogni forma di pensiero, contenuta in un linguaggio condivisibile e dunque cosciente, oppure espressa in modalit\u00e0 divenute spettrali, se non traducibile nel linguaggio condivisibile : \u201ccaos famigliare\u201d e \u201cdisordine creativo\u201d sono manifestazioni dello stesso processo. Ma se la rete \u00e8 una metafora della coscienza, cosa rappresenta lo strappo?<\/p>\n

A partire dal pensiero di H. S. Sullivan per il quale la necessit\u00e0 del bambino di soddisfare il bisogno di sicurezza interpersonale, lo induceva a dissociare dalla coscienza tutte le esperienze fonti di angoscia nella madre, \u00e8 opinione di molti studiosi appartenenti a diversi campi scientifici, neuroscienze, psicologia cognitivista, teorie dei sistemi complessi, che la coscienza sia una funzione emergente dall\u2019interazione\/negoziazione sociale. La negoziazione gioca un ruolo fondamentale nel modellare i sistemi viventi sin dalla loro origine, e possiamo presumere che sia in azione in un continuum da livelli elementari d\u2019organizzazione, nei quali pu\u00f2 essere intesa semplicemente come la tendenza dei sistemi viventi a mettere insieme auto-organizzazione ed interazione con l\u2019ambiente per raggiungere stati di maggiore coerenza, a livelli pi\u00f9 complessi nei quali essa diventa l\u2019attivit\u00e0 messa in atto dai soggetti umani per relazionarsi con altri esseri umani. La negoziazione si verifica sia a livelli impliciti che espliciti della processazione mentale.<\/p>\n

Se il risultato delle negoziazioni possibili in un particolare clima relazionale influisce sugli schemi previsionali del soggetto, forzandolo a lasciare dei buchi nella tessitura degli stati di coscienza, \u00e8 possibile ipotizzare che i processi di pensiero psicotici siano il risultato di negoziazioni disfunzionali, con impossibilit\u00e0 a mentalizzare significati di alcune situazioni relazionali.<\/p>\n

\"carbonephoto1115w\"<\/a>Tiziano Carbone, MD
\n<\/strong>Viale Regina Margherita 74
\n65123 Pescara, Italy
\nEmail Tiziano Carbone<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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